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Terraria server 1.3.18/31/2023 You can now use situational building accessories from your inventory and toggle their effects like info accessoriesĭecompressed sprite graphics for improved fidelityĭuke Fishron will no longer run away so easily ![]() Improved Wire drawing to look less fuzzy with multiple colors on the same tile. Trapped Chests can now be crafted to keep others from poking around in your stuffĪngler Tackle Bag will make fishing more efficient than ever!Īnd of course, who could forget that you will now be able to pick up your very own Companion Cube from the Traveling Merchant! New Pressure Plates, including the Teal Pressure Plate (which can be triggered by pets and projectiles) Static Hook will allow you full control over your grappling Team Blocks and Platforms make for cool new aspects to your PVP games The Grand Design has had some special UI modification to work better with touch on the Switch! The Grand Design, once crafted, will place all of your cool wiring tools in one place for easy use Tons of new Wiring/Mechanical items - from Logic Gates to Logic Sensors to Junction Boxes, Conveyor Belts, and more! ![]() New Combat Targeting/Lock On system - enable/map this to a button in the Settings Menu! For full details, you can check out the full changelog below - but we have provided a brief summary of the bigger items below:ĭart Traps & all Temple Traps can now be hammered to rotate 90 degrees at a time, revolutionizing arena buildingĬannons (normal, bunny, confetti, Snowball Launcher) can now be controlled by wire and shoot fake projectiles! Video Card: 256mb Video Memory, capable of Shader Model 2.We are pleased to announce that the 1.3.1 content update for Terraria on Nintendo Switch is now available! This exciting update brings all-new possibilities and capabilities to the wiring/mechanical systems available to Terrarians, as well as a few nice Quality of Life features.Video Card: 128mb Video Memory, capable of Shader Model 2.0+.(OPTION) Install the update version if they have the future in the link below: (See instructions if you don't know how to install: Instructions on how to install)ĥ. Request a game or request re-upload, visit Game Request The Terraria adventure is truly as unique as the players themselves!Īre you up for the monumental task of exploring, creating, and defending a world of your own?Īll links are interchangeable, you can download different parts on different hosts In the World of Terraria, the choice is yours!īlending elements of classic action games with the freedom of sandbox-style creativity, Terraria is a unique gaming experience where both the journey and the destination are completely in the player’s control. ![]() ![]() Will you delve deep into cavernous expanses in search of treasure and raw materials with which to craft ever-evolving gear, machinery, and aesthetics? Perhaps you will choose instead to seek out ever-greater foes to test your mettle in combat? Maybe you will decide to construct your own city to house the host of mysterious allies you may encounter along your travels? Genre: Adventure, Survival, Building, Open World, Action, RPGĭig, Fight, Explore, Build: The very world is at your fingertips as you fight for survival, fortune, and glory. Terraria – Dig, fight, explore, build! Nothing is impossible in this action-packed adventure game. Terraria Free Download PC Game Cracked in Direct Link and Torrent.
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Black baby grand piano steinway signed8/31/2023 ![]() We are Yamaha Approved Dealers and physically hand pick our pianos from Japan, get them reconditioned by Yamaha technicians and imported to Belfast. We are the only sellers who do this amount of work to our pianos. Compare All U3 Variants' here.Īll loops are replaced, keys re-bushed etc. This offers selective sustaining of notes. The U3MS (sub-variant of the U3M), c.1980's, has a very unique feature not often seen on uprights were the middle pedal is a sostenuto pedal commonly found on grand pianos. ![]() It will last for your children’s children too. This will see any piano player or student through all the grades and up to Diploma level. The tallest an most distinguished model of the U series at 131 cm in height, providing even greater expressiveness and playability. Treble bridges are hard rock maple vertical laminations capped with solid hard rock maple they are planed, graphite coated, drilled and notched by hand for precise individual string bearing, with a design that defies splitting.A beautiful Yamaha U3MS variant upright piano in superb condition both inside and out. The exclusive design provides the tuning pin with smoother movement under torque, a more uniform retaining action, and a piano that holds its tuning longer. Grain is symmetrically distributed at successive angles of 45º and 90º, employing uniform grain direction around the circumference of the tuning pin to provide ultimate pin grippage. The Hexagrip patented design features 7 laminations of quartered hardrock maple stock. In 1963, Steinway introduced the Hexagrip Pinblock, which is engineered to enable pianos to hold their tuning longer and with incredible precision. This design ensures optimal sound transmission from the strings to the soundboard, resulting in a sustained, resonant tone-creating the inimitable Steinway Sound. Each bridge is notched by hand for precise, individual string-bearing. Steinway & Sons constructs its soundboard bridges exclusively from vertically laminated hardwood with a horizontal grain, capped with solid maple. The better the materials, the better the sound. Close-grained, quarter-sawn Sitka spruce - which has unusual stability and vibrance under stress and vibration - is used exclusively for the soundboard. ![]() The design permits complete freedom of movement while displacing a greater amount of air, creating a richer and more lasting tonal response. Under this patent, the soundboard is gradually tapered from the center to the edge, permitting freedom of movement and creating a sound of unparalleled richness, sonority, and sustain.Ĭreated like the soundboard of violins to give a free and even response throughout the entire scale, the Steinway Model S soundboard is 8 mm thick in the center and tapers to 5 mm as it approaches the rim and outer case before being double crowned. The production of the Steinway Diaphragmatic Soundboard is based on a 1936 patent to achieve optimum performance in dynamic range and maximum sustain. To meet the highest quality standards, only superior Sitka spruce with a regular grain and prescribed minimum number of annual growth rings is acceptable. The soundboard lies at the heart of a Steinway grand or upright piano, which is why great care is needed both in its design and in the selection of the wood. Large maple dowel ends provide a solid mount for adjustable brass touch-regulating screws. Crowned and reverse-crowned action frame gives a snug fit, intensifies key movement and prevents “slapping” during heavy playing. Horizonal and vertical birch planks present a vented system for humidity escapement. Durable Linden wood buttons reinforce keys over balance rail, permitting maximum tonal power with every strike. Chip-proof, stain-resistant coverings for naturals slip-proof, adbraded ebonized sharps. keysĮuropean spruce, individually weighed-off. Horizontal-cut premium wool for effective dampening with maple heads for endurance. Compression-wired to maintain permanent shape. Premium wool top felt and under felt treated to resist insects and moisture. Longest: Agraffe/bridge: 45½" (116 cm) hammers Treble: twelve whole & one-half sizes from high-tensile Swedish steel.īass: Swedish steel core wire wound with pure copper. Premium blued steel rust-resistant, nickeled heads strings ![]() Made from durable, resinous sugar pine to assure strong and constant support of string down-bearing on the soundboard rib ends are hand-fitted. Overstrung combination agraffe Front AND rear duplex. Note: Treble bell is not required in smaller grands of lesser tensions. Maple dowels fasten braces to rim & crossblock producing a single homogenous foundation upon which is built the tonal component. (17,202cm3) Spruce provides tensile strength with less weight. 3 solid spruce with a volume of 1,050 cu.
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![]() red Sony DS4 controller, Twisted Metal: Black PlayStation 2 PlayStation 4 PlayStation 3 GameCube controller, PS4 Controller, video Game, game Controllers, electronic Device png 510x510px 149.04KB.SSX on Tour Super Princess Peach GameCube Mario Bros., peach, super Mario Bros, video Game, sports Equipment png 2356x2516px 3.81MB.Bayonetta 2 Wii U Bayonetta 3, Bayonetta 3, nintendo, computer Wallpaper, video Game png 597x550px 427.61KB.two black and red Nintendo Switches, Bayonetta 2 Wii U GameCube Nintendo Switch, nintendo, electronics, gadget, nintendo png 3006x2958px 2.78MB.PlayStation 2 Xbox 360 Wii PlayStation 3, playstation 4 logo, angle, text, rectangle png 1200x800px 20.16KB.Wii Remote Wii MotionPlus Wii U GameCube controller, nintendo, electronics, gadget, nintendo png 526x700px 284.99KB.Wii GameCube Dolphin, Of Dolphins, marine Mammal, mammal, bottlenose Dolphin png 1082x555px 466.53KB.Super Nintendo Entertainment System GameCube controller Nintendo 64 controller Wii, gamepad, electronics, nintendo, game Controllers png 2000x1200px 221.5KB.Wii U PlayStation GameCube Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Playstation, electronics, xbox, video Game png 703x513px 404.77KB.GameCube Wii Dolphin Emulator Crash Nitro Kart, submit button, blue, animals, trademark png 512x512px 55.13KB.Bayonetta 2 Wii GameCube controller Super Mario Odyssey, games website, game, electronics, gadget png 912x523px 74.92KB.Pikmin 3 Wii U Hey! Pikmin, others, game, food, nintendo png 1711x2529px 1.52MB. ![]() Mario Strikers Charged GameCube Super Mario Strikers Wii, STRIKE, heroes, super Mario Bros, nintendo png 2202x2916px 7.48MB.Xbox 360 Computer keyboard PlayStation 4 PlayStation 3 GameCube controller, others, electronics, video Game, game Controllers png 1200x750px 430.62KB.GameCube Wii Dolphin Emulator Computer Icons, dolphin, blue, marine Mammal, mammal png 1600x1600px 45.22KB.1 Homenzinho Torto Music, others, text, logo, 3 Palavrinhas png 621x550px 165.25KB Wii U Super Nintendo Entertainment System GameCube Video Game Consoles, nintendo, electronics, gadget, nintendo png 512x512px 139.52KB.GameCube PlayStation 2 Nintendo 64 Super Nintendo Entertainment System Wii, console, purple, gadget, nintendo png 1024x575px 412.6KB.GameCube controller Sega Saturn Wii Game Controllers, others, logo, game Controllers, black png 512x512px 14.87KB.GameCube PlayStation 2 Wii Nintendo Switch PlayStation 3, game result, template, text, label png 1599x1067px 859.11KB.GameCube Wii Super Nintendo Entertainment System PlayStation 2 Nintendo 64, GameCube, game, angle, nintendo png 500x500px 86.56KB.PlayStation 3 GameCube controller Wii PlayStation 4, controls, blue, video Game, playStation 4 png 601圆01px 19.33KB.Wii U GameCube Wii Remote PlayStation 3, console, electronics, gadget, nintendo png 2500x2500px 2.6MB.Here's the complete list of changes introduced in update 1.1. All three games in the collection now let you invert the camera ( as promised), along with other "general fixes". ![]() Unfortunately, it'll only work with the Switch in TV mode, meaning that you can't use it with a Switch Lite at all. ![]() This wasn't possible with the Joy-Cons or Pro Controller, so it's a welcome addition. A light press will shoot a light stream of water a full press gives you more control over your direction, while Mario is planted firm. This will allow you to play the game with the classic controls, meaning that you can use the right shoulder button to control the stream of your FLUDD. To do so, players will need a GameCube Controller Adapter, which was released alongside Super Smash Bros. This means that players nostalgic for the analogue shoulder buttons of Nintendo's older system can now recreate their early-2000s memories by playing Sunshine with the older controller. The version of Super Mario Sunshine featured in the collection now supports the use of GameCube controllers. Super Mario 3D All-Stars has added a much-requested feature in its new update.
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Poly bridge alpine meadows8/31/2023 Three main types of water meadows are distinguished: simple dam systems, more elaborate catchworks, and highly developed bedworks. Of these, bedworks were technically and organizationally the most complex they were also the most costly in construction and maintenance. ![]() Most water meadows were abandoned in the twentieth century in many places, however, their traces can still be recognized in the landscape. They are both an interesting part of European agrarian and landscape heritage and a carrier of regional identity. In recent years, a number of water meadows have been restored, for ecological, water management, tourism, and heritage purposes. Today, ecologists, landscape historians, and, to a lesser degree, water managers are paying more attention to water meadows. Traces of former water meadows have been rediscovered, mapped, restored, or reconstructed. ![]() They are valued as heritage and in some regions serve as a resource in small-scale tourism. They also have ecological potential and offer possibilities to local water management. Water meadows were created by flooding meadows. There seem to have been two main reasons for irrigation of meadows. The first was to have an earlier harvest in the spring. At the end of the winter period, animal fodder became scarce (hence, the hunger gap) with flooding, which kept temperature at a constant and relatively high level, spring grass could start to grow and animals could begin to graze weeks earlier. The second reason for water meadows was its role in gaining higher productivity. When hay was harvested, meadows normally continuously lost organic material and minerals however, irrigation kept conditions wet during summer and meadows-to which silt and lime were sometimes added-were kept productive (Williamson and Cook 2007, pp. The chemical effect of flooding is more complicated.ĭutch research from the end of the nineteenth century shows that the harvest from water meadows was more constant than that from regular meadows, particularly in dry years (Thissen and Meijer 1991). The Swedish authors Emanuelsson and Möller ( 1990) have stressed that it can act as a sink to phosphorus and nitrogen, thereby reducing the need for artificial fertilizers. ![]() Flooding may also have had the effect of diminishing the numbers of mice and grubs (Ewald and Klaus 2010, p.Įnglish research has confirmed the effect on phosphorus but has found no evidence for that on nitrate (Cook et al. Some authors note additional reasons for the use of water meadows and make clear that regional differences were present. Whereas in temperate parts of Europe, flooding was used to avoid frost, in the North of Sweden winter irrigation was used to create an ice crust on a wet meadow, which prevented bushes and trees from springing up (Emanuelsson and Möller 1990, p. In parts of the Alps, the amount of rainfall affected the use of water meadows. Drainage channels, waale, in South Tirol were concentrated in the driest places (Hallmann and Peters 1995) in the Mediterranean, a long tradition of irrigation made productive agriculture possible in dry regions (Emanuelsson 2009, p. Most Mediterranean irrigation systems are primarily applied to the production of food crops and are not considered here-in this chapter, we focus on the use of irrigation in meadows. In recent years, the growing interest in water meadows has led to much local research as well as to a number of survey studies. Notably, the Swiss geographer Leibundgut (Leibundgut and Kohn 2014a, b Leibundgut and Vonderstrass 2016) describes meadow irrigation as an element of a larger group of activities under the banner of traditional irrigation, focusing on Central Europe.
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Hot shots golf fore falcon8/31/2023 In addition to complimentary valet parking, it offers a white glove service. The Pro Shop can also be instrumental in making your day memorable and comfortable. Make the time to stop by before your game to stock up on the latest gear. The Pro Shop offers golfers the very latest in technology, equipment and clothing. Fresh Florida fish also features on the menu. Be sure to try the smoked brisket sandwich or specialty alligator gumbo. ![]() The restaurant is open for breakfast, lunch and early afternoon appetisers, and offers a creative menu of age-old classics with a twist. The Falcon’s Nest Restaurant offers delicious food alongside a well-stocked bar. Relax in the comfort of the clubhouse before or after a game. Appreciate the beauty of the course, where picturesque ponds and rolling greens are visible from every hole. However, it has four sets of tees to accommodate those of different skill levels. It is a challenging course, with tough water hazards and more than a hundred bunkers adding to the excitement. It has since hosted hundreds of thousands of golfers. The club is a championship course that was created by acclaimed designers Rees Jones and Greg Muirhead in 1993. Spend a day at the golf course enjoying a leisurely meal, practicing your shots and playing a round with friends. The 18-hole course is open to the public and offers an impeccable sweeping course full of challenges and amazing views, as well as a whole suite of facilities. ![]() Enjoy a round of golf at one of Orlando’s top courses, where rolling greens, shimmering lakes and a restaurant await.įalcon’s Fire Golf Club is one of Orlando’s finest and best-loved courses.
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Dance boom boom pow black eyed peas8/31/2023 ![]() ![]() I can tell you that will.i.am went to raves as a kid, that he knew the history of intersection moments between rap and dance music. I can tell you how the Black Eyed Peas built a shameless brand over the decade, how the unexpected pop stardom of group member Fergie benefitted the rest of the Peas. I can tell you how the 2008 economic collapse left millions of young Americans in desperate financial straits and about how those young Americans turned to shiny, frictionless European club sounds for consolation - how that sensationalistic inebriation-soundtrack shit hit the zeitgeist. I can point out the currents that led to that moment. It seemed strange in the moment, and it seems even stranger in retrospect. Somehow, though, they rose up to absolutely dominate the pop charts, both in America and around the world, for half of the 2009 calendar year. They’d been fluffy alt-rap also-rans and even-fluffier pop-rap punchlines. When the Black Eyed Peas reached #1 for the first time, the group had been around for many years. ![]() When it comes to the Black Eyed Peas, though, I have no idea. I write this column because it’s fun to trace the social and musical threads that brought all these songs to the top of the mountain. I’m reviewing these songs - talking about if I think they’re any good or not - but the song’s story is usually a whole lot more interesting than whatever my opinion might be. How did this song cut through the noise and, however briefly, become the most popular single in America? That’s what I’m always trying to figure out. How did this happen? If this column has a point - debatable - then it’s that question. Book Bonus Beat: The Number Ones: Twenty Chart-Topping Hits That Reveal the History of Pop Music. In The Number Ones, I’m reviewing every single #1 single in the history of the Billboard Hot 100, starting with the chart’s beginning, in 1958, and working my way up into the present.
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5 discover8/31/2023 ![]() ![]() “In turn, this knowledge will make us richer beings, learning more about ourselves, our origins, and our place in the Universe.” About JuiceĮSA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, ‘Juice’, is humankind’s next bold mission to the outer Solar System. ![]() “The scientific treasure that will be returned will undoubtedly have far-reaching implications on how we understand our Solar System and if there are potentially habitable locations beyond Earth – not just in our own cosmic neighbourhood but also well beyond in the vast number of exoplanet systems populating our Universe,” says Olivier Witasse, ESA’s Juice project scientist. This complements its ‘siblings’ – ancient Callisto, which may hold clues to early conditions in the jovian system, and young and active Europa, which vents water into space. Ganymede also displays a wide range of surface ages and features, offering a geological record spanning several billion years. The first flyby in April 2024 will mark a space exploration first: Juice will perform a lunar-Earth gravity-assist – a flyby of the Moon followed 1.5 days later by one of Earth. Over the next two-and-half weeks Juice will deploy its various antennas and instrument booms, including the 16 m long radar antenna, 10.6 m long magnetometer boom, and various other instruments that will study the environment of Jupiter and the subsurface of the icy moons.Īn eight-year cruise with four gravity-assist flybys at Earth and Venus will slingshot the spacecraft towards the outer Solar System. “We can all be proud of Ariane 5 for making possible missions like Juice and setting such a high standard for our new generation of launch systems.” “What a magnificent demonstration of Europe’s capacity to dream big and deliver results to match,” says Daniel Neuenschwander, ESA’s Director of Space Transportation. Juice is the last ESA space science mission to launch on an Ariane 5, in a long legacy dating back to 1999 with the launch of XMM-Newton, which is still in operation today, and most recently, the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope in 2021. These planet-sized moons offer us tantalising hints that conditions for life could exist other than here on our ‘pale blue dot’, and Juice is equipped to bring us one step closer to answering this alluring question. Thanks to the legacy of previous Jupiter missions we know that three of the planet’s largest moons – Europa, Ganymede and Callisto – hold quantities of water buried under their surfaces in volumes far greater than in Earth’s oceans. Centuries later, Juice – which carries a commemorative plaque in honour of Galileo’s discoveries – will see Jupiter and its moons in a way that Galileo couldn’t even have dreamt of. His observations overturned the long-held idea that everything in the heavens revolved around Earth. Astronomer Galileo Galilei brought Jupiter into focus in 1610, observing the planet through a telescope for the first time and discovering its orbiting moons. Jupiter, shining brightly in the night sky, has sparked fascination ever since our ancient ancestors first looked up. ![]() “Together with our partners NASA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and the Israel Space Agency, who have also contributed hardware or scientific instrumentation, we have reached this much-awaited launch milestone.” From Galileo to Juice “It is thanks to the leadership of ESA and the effort and commitment of hundreds of European industries and scientific institutions that the Juice mission has become a reality,” says Giuseppe Sarri, ESA’ s Juice Project Manager.
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Sudoku app gratis8/30/2023 ![]() Showing the possible numbers – useful for both beginners in Sudoku, and for the game's professionals, at an extreme level of complexity.Unlimited cancellations and repetitions of actions – will relieve you from fear to be mistaken.Animated digits search – helps to fascinate the Sudoku gameplay.Digit clearing, by repeated pressing of a digit (or by pressing the button to erase).An endless number of beautifully generated Sudoku puzzles.Pencil marks – will help you to clear your mind and free it to solve the puzzle.Smooth difficulty level adjustment – from the simplest sudoku to super complex.Hints for error – highlighting of digits with sound.Tips – will help you to solve Sudoku, if you have difficulties.Sudoku training – learn the basics of the game.Welcome our free Sudoku app with a pleasant gameplay: No need for the Internet – you can play this Sudoku offline!.without advertising, you can play it for free!.Unobtrusive advertising (little or no advertising in the app) – you can play this game.Several options for variants input: manually, auto-reset, and autocomplete!.Useful animations and beautiful visual effects!.Auto-save – you can pause the game at any time without affecting the game process.Smooth difficulty level adjustment – from the simplest logic puzzles to the super complicated! So, you can learn and improve your Sudoku solving skills!.Key features of this wonderful classic Sudoku game app: The complexity of the Sudoku logic puzzle depends on the number of cells initially filled and the methods you apply to solve the puzzle. The goal of the classic Sudoku game (also known as Sudoku original or pure Sudoku) is to fill the free cells with numbers from 1 to 9 so that in each row, column and block, each digit is encountered only once. The app offers are a few dozen of difficulty levels with smooth tuning – from easy Sudoku to extremely hard Sudoku!!!īeautiful animation and pretty sounds make your number Sudoku puzzle game even more interesting!!Īll you need for a pleasant classic Sudoku game is at your hand: Play a Sudoku logic puzzle of any type and complexity – Sudoku original (or pure Sudoku), easy Sudoku, and even hard Sudoku! Play your Sudoku offline and enjoy! This Sudoku is one of the best free logic puzzles, a number Sudoku puzzle game app with explicit Sudoku training.
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Songs for montage video8/30/2023 ![]() YouTube music policy – a beginner’s guide Lickd is here to help you legally add your favorite artists and music to your YouTube videos. We know everything there is to know about music copyright laws. How to legally use copyrighted music on YouTube We’re here to help you understand the basics of monetizing your videos. One of the biggest questions that new creators ask. How to monetize your YouTube channel – a beginner’s guide You may also be interested in these YouTube-related guidesĪs experts in providing licensed music for videos and creative projects, Lickd is here to help you with everything you need to know to make the best content possible for your subscribers. For more top tips on how to choose the right music for your YouTube videos, watch the video below. How you do that will depend on your video editor of choice, check out our audio editing tutorials to help you. Background music often needs to remain in just that – the background – so it’s important to understand how to adjust audio levels. There’ll be points in your video where you want your chosen music to be the most prominent audio, but at other times, you’ll want to be heard talking over it. We showed you above how fitness creators choose tracks that go well together in their longer pieces, which adds variety but keeps an overriding tone and theme. This way you can use a few similar tracks on repeat and not worry about potentially jarring changes between melodies.Īnother way to tackle this is to pick tracks that have the same genre or BPM. If you’re looking for a cohesive feel to your video, choose tracks that loop easily. Choose tracks that loop, or tracks that flow well into the next Check the tempo, do you want lyrics or something purely instrumental? If you get the blend right you’re onto a winner. We’d recommend working on the video first and finding a track to match it later. Not only that, but you need to consider how your music choices fit with the overall style of your YouTube channel and the vibe your audience expects. If you get it wrong, it could quickly get your audience clicking away from your content and subscribing to a different channel. In fact, 30% of YouTube viewers say that music can make or break a video. Music is essential to setting the mood of your content. There’s a reason why the producers of the Harry Potter films chose that magical, mystical, lilting melody rather than a punk rock soundtrack. Think about some of your favorite movie scenes or film soundtracks. Choose music that matches the tone of your video ![]() Here’s what to consider when you’re editing background music into your video: 1. It doesn’t matter where you’ve sourced your soundtrack from, you still need to make sure you’ve used the music effectively. Making sure your viewers can still hear you talk, but that your audience gets the vibe you want from your video can be tricky. Finding the best background music for YouTube is one thing, but artfully weaving it through your videos is a skill.
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Gaslight cafe chicago8/30/2023 ![]() Hugh Romney, who later took up the clown persona Wavy Gravy, had come to know about West Coast jazz poetry and brought it to Boston, where he was studying theater. Hugh Romney would acquire fame as the MC of Woodstock ’69, where he promised “breakfast in bed for 400,000” (© Wavy Gravy). The idea of poetry as a wild art form came about from the Beat Generation, but also jazz poetry, the combination of jazz and poetry.” “Poets were used to reading, but in sedate circumstances, such as university libraries. Part of the popularity of the Gaslight and the Beats had to do with how they revitalized poetry, Sanders said. But the Gaslight was among the first to bring the hype to Greenwich Village, instigating what newspapers at the time called “the coffee house fad.” There had been earlier poetry readings in the avant-garde 10th Street Galleries and on the West Coast as part of the San Francisco Renaissance, most notably the so-called “ Six Gallery Reading” in 1955, where Ginsberg performed Howl for the first time. Among the performers were Ray Bremser, “who was in and out of jail in those days,” and Kerouac, who stood upon his barstool to engage the crowd and managed to bump his head on the low metal ceiling. “It was very, very packed, because the Beat generation was ‘hot,’ so to speak,” Sanders said in a phone interview. The now 77-year-old poet and singer Edward Sanders remembers attending his first Gaslight reading in 1958 as a young NYU student. Officially, 110 people were allowed, but Mitchell often crammed in way more. ![]() Not only Ginsberg and Kerouac, but also LeRoi Jones (later Amiri Baraka), Gregory Corso, Bob Kaufman, Hugh Romney and Diane di Prima were among those who read for an often packed house. A year earlier, Allen Ginsberg’s poem Howl had reached national recognition as the result of a widely publicized obscenity trial and Jack Kerouac’s On The Road had finally made it into print. The Gaslight in the late 50s, with Liz’s 65-cent hamburgers advertised in the window of Caricature (© Photo-File Service)Īt the Gaslight, Beat poets would showcase their radiating works of non-conformity, sex, spirituality and drugs. It followed earlier Greenwich Village artist hubs like Pfaff’s, frequented by Walt Whitman, and Cedar Tavern, where Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning hung out. Initially dubbed the Gaslight Poetry Café, the basement between 3rd Street and Bleecker in one of New York’s most eccentric neighborhoods, soon became a fixture of Manhattan’s bohemian life. Liz would serve many a hungry performer her 65-cent hamburgers even when they were flat broke and was, understandably, widely loved.Īfter finally opening up, Mitchell invited poets to entertain his coffee-sipping crowd. He kept alcohol off the menu, allowing the Gaslight to stay open throughout the night. “Mitchell was the world’s foremost maniac,” blues and folk singer Dave Van Ronk writes in his memoir The Mayor of MacDougal Street, supporting his friend Liz, who ran the small restaurant above the Gaslight called Caricature. ![]() His do-it-yourself approach had made a mess of his neighbor’s plumbing, however, and resulted in the first of many confrontations. After a year he finally got permission to open up, but this troublesome relationship with the authorities would continue to pester the coffee house throughout its existence.Īccording to legend, Mitchell had dug out the accumulated dirt himself in an attempt to make the seven-foot basement a bit more accessible. Since then, an antique store, a plumbing warehouse and several different workshops quickly succeeded one another, as Mitchell argued in a letter that was intended to convince the municipality of the fact that the venue had been used for non-residential purposes before. Throughout the 1920s and ‘30s, the cellar had served as a speakeasy for a mostly gay and literary clientele, frequented by the notorious Jazz Age poet Maxwell Bodenheim, among others. Back in 1957 he had found a shallow basement on MacDougal Street in an 1883 landmark building and saw its potential. That owner was a man named John Mitchell. ![]() The stairs that led down to the Gaslight (© Hannah Mattix) |